Yesaya 1:24

1:24 Therefore, the sovereign Lord who commands armies, ¹ 

the powerful ruler of Israel, ²  says this:

“Ah, I will seek vengeance ³  against my adversaries,

I will take revenge against my enemies. ⁴ 

Yesaya 3:1

A Coming Leadership Crisis

3:1 Look, the sovereign Lord who commands armies ⁵ 

is about to remove from Jerusalem ⁶  and Judah

every source of security, including ⁷ 

all the food and water, ⁸ 

Yesaya 5:9

5:9 The Lord who commands armies told me this: ⁹ 

“Many houses will certainly become desolate,

large, impressive houses will have no one living in them. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 8:18

8:18 Look, I and the sons whom the Lord has given me ¹¹  are reminders and object lessons ¹²  in Israel, sent from the Lord who commands armies, who lives on Mount Zion.

Yesaya 13:13

13:13 So I will shake the heavens, ¹³ 

and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, ¹⁴ 

because of the fury of the Lord who commands armies,

in the day he vents his raging anger. ¹⁵ 

Yesaya 14:23

14:23 “I will turn her into a place that is overrun with wild animals ¹⁶ 

and covered with pools of stagnant water.

I will get rid of her, just as one sweeps away dirt with a broom,” ¹⁷ 

says the Lord who commands armies.

Yesaya 19:16-18

19:16 At that time ¹⁸  the Egyptians ¹⁹  will be like women. ²⁰  They will tremble and fear because the Lord who commands armies brandishes his fist against them. ²¹  19:17 The land of Judah will humiliate Egypt. Everyone who hears about Judah will be afraid because of what the Lord who commands armies is planning to do to them. ²² 

19:18 At that time five cities ²³  in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance to the Lord who commands armies. One will be called the City of the Sun. ²⁴ 

Yesaya 21:10

21:10 O my downtrodden people, crushed like stalks on the threshing floor, ²⁵ 

what I have heard

from the Lord who commands armies,

the God of Israel,

I have reported to you.

Yesaya 24:23

24:23 The full moon will be covered up, ²⁶ 

the bright sun ²⁷  will be darkened; ²⁸ 

for the Lord who commands armies will rule ²⁹ 

on Mount Zion in Jerusalem ³⁰ 

in the presence of his assembly, in majestic splendor. ³¹ 

Yesaya 25:6

25:6 The Lord who commands armies will hold a banquet for all the nations on this mountain. ³² 

At this banquet there will be plenty of meat and aged wine –

tender meat and choicest wine. ³³ 

Yesaya 29:6

29:6 Judgment will come from the Lord who commands armies, ³⁴ 

accompanied by thunder, earthquake, and a loud noise,

by a strong gale, a windstorm, and a consuming flame of fire.

Yesaya 30:15

30:15 For this is what the master, the Lord, the Holy One of Israel says:

“If you repented and patiently waited for me, you would be delivered; ³⁵ 

if you calmly trusted in me you would find strength, ³⁶ 

but you are unwilling.

Yesaya 37:16

37:16 “O Lord who commands armies, O God of Israel, who is enthroned on the cherubim! ³⁷  You alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You made the sky ³⁸  and the earth.

Yesaya 44:6

The Absurdity of Idolatry

44:6 This is what the Lord, Israel’s king, says,

their protector, ³⁹  the Lord who commands armies:

“I am the first and I am the last,

there is no God but me.

Yesaya 54:5

54:5 For your husband is the one who made you –

the Lord who commands armies is his name.

He is your protector, ⁴⁰  the Holy One of Israel. ⁴¹ 

He is called “God of the entire earth.”

[1:24]  ¹ tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at v. 9.

[1:24]  ² tn Heb “the powerful [one] of Israel.”

[1:24]  ³ tn Heb “console myself” (i.e., by getting revenge); NRSV “pour out my wrath on.”

[1:24]  ⁴ sn The Lord here identifies with the oppressed and comes as their defender and vindicator.

[3:1]  ⁵ tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at 1:9.

[3:1]  ⁶ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[3:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “support and support.” The masculine and feminine forms of the noun are placed side-by-side to emphasize completeness. See GKC 394 §122.v.

[3:1]  ⁸ tn Heb “all the support of food, and all the support of water.”

[5:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “in my ears, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].”

[5:9]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “great and good [houses], without a resident.”

[8:18]  ¹¹ sn This refers to Shear-jashub (7:3) and Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz (8:1, 3).

[8:18]  ¹² tn Or “signs and portents” (NAB, NRSV). The names of all three individuals has symbolic value. Isaiah’s name (which meant “the Lord delivers”) was a reminder that the Lord was the nation’s only source of protection; Shear-jashub’s name was meant, at least originally, to encourage Ahaz (see the note at 7:3), and Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz’s name was a guarantee that God would defeat Israel and Syria (see the note at 8:4). The word מוֹפֶת (mofet, “portent”) can often refer to some miraculous event, but in 20:3 it is used, along with its synonym אוֹת (’ot, “sign”) of Isaiah’s walking around half-naked as an object lesson of what would soon happen to the Egyptians.

[13:13]  ¹³ tn Or “the sky.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[13:13]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “from its place” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV).

[13:13]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and in the day of the raging of his anger.”

[14:23]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “I will make her into a possession of wild animals.” It is uncertain what type of animal קִפֹּד (qippod) refers to. Some suggest a rodent (cf. NASB, NRSV “hedgehog”), others an owl (cf, NAB, NIV, TEV).

[14:23]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “I will sweep her away with the broom of destruction.”

[19:16]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV), likewise at the beginning of vv. 18 and 19.

[19:16]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “Egypt,” which stands by metonymy for the country’s inhabitants.

[19:16]  ²⁰ sn As the rest of the verse indicates, the point of the simile is that the Egyptians will be relatively weak physically and will wilt in fear before the Lord’s onslaught.

[19:16]  ²¹ tn Heb “and he will tremble and be afraid because of the brandishing of the hand of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts], which he brandishes against him.” Since according to the imagery here the Lord’s “hand” is raised as a weapon against the Egyptians, the term “fist” has been used in the translation.

[19:17]  ²² tn Heb “and the land of Judah will become [a source of] shame to Egypt, everyone to whom one mentions it [i.e., the land of Judah] will fear because of the plan of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] which he is planning against him.”

[19:18]  ²³ sn The significance of the number “five” in this context is uncertain. For a discussion of various proposals, see J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:376-77.

[19:18]  ²⁴ tc The Hebrew text has עִיר הַהֶרֶס (’ir haheres, “City of Destruction”; cf. NASB, NIV) but this does not fit the positive emphasis of vv. 18-22. The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a and some medieval Hebrew mss read עִיר הָחֶרֶס (’ir hakheres, “City of the Sun,” i.e., Heliopolis). This reading also finds support from Symmachus’ Greek version, the Targum, and the Vulgate. See HALOT 257 s.v. חֶרֶס and HALOT 355 s.v. II חֶרֶס.

[21:10]  ²⁵ tn Heb “My trampled one, and the son of the threshing floor.”

[24:23]  ²⁶ tn Heb “will be ashamed.”

[24:23]  ²⁷ tn Or “glow of the sun.”

[24:23]  ²⁸ tn Heb “will be ashamed” (so NCV).

[24:23]  ²⁹ tn Or “take his throne,” “become king.”

[24:23]  ³⁰ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[24:23]  ³¹ tn Heb “and before his elders [in] splendor.”

[25:6]  ³² sn That is, Mount Zion (see 24:23); cf. TEV; NLT “In Jerusalem.”

[25:6]  ³³ tn Heb “And the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] will make for all the nations on this mountain a banquet of meats, a banquet of wine dregs, meats filled with marrow, dregs that are filtered.”

[29:6]  ³⁴ tn Heb “from the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] there will be visitation.” The third feminine singular passive verb form תִּפָּקֵד (tippaqed, “she/it will be visited”) is used here in an impersonal sense. See GKC 459 §144.b.

[30:15]  ³⁵ tn Heb “in returning and in quietness you will be delivered.” Many English versions render the last phrase “shall be saved” or something similar (e.g., NAB, NASB, NRSV).

[30:15]  ³⁶ tn Heb “in quietness and in trust is your strength” (NASB and NRSV both similar).

[37:16]  ³⁷ sn Cherubim (singular “cherub”) refers to the images of winged angelic creatures that were above the ark of the covenant.

[37:16]  ³⁸ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[44:6]  ³⁹ tn Heb “his kinsman redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[54:5]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “redeemer.” See the note at 41:14.

[54:5]  ⁴¹ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.